Reference Sources
When researching a new topic it is often necessary to get an overview, explanations of unfamiliar terms, or brief factual information. The print and electronic resources listed below include selected reference materials (dictionaries, encyclopaedias, handbooks, guides, and standards) for the field of African History. To find additional reference materials, check UNB WorldCat (the library catalogue) or our Reference Materials database.
Search for Reference Materials
Enter your search terms:Key Resources
- African kingdoms : an encyclopedia of empires and civilizations [HIL-REF DT25 .A646 2017]
"This history-rich volume details the sociopolitical, economic, and artistic aspects of African kingdoms from the earliest times to the second half of the 19th century. Africa has a long and fascinating history and is a place of growing importance in the world history curriculum. This detailed encyclopedia covers the history of African kingdoms from antiquity through the mid-19th century, tracing the dynasties' ties to modern globalization and influences on world culture before, during, and after the demise of the slave trade. Along with an exploration of African heritage, this reference is rich with firsthand accounts of Africa through the oral traditions of its people and the written journals of European explorers, missionaries, and travelers who visited Africa from the 15th century and onward. Alphabetically arranged entries cover a particular kingdom and feature information on the economic, cultural, religious, political, social, and environmental history of the regime. The content references popular culture, movies, and art that present contemporary reenactments of kingdoms, emphasizing the importance of history in shaping modern ideas. Other features include primary source documents, a selected bibliography of print and electronic resources, and dozens of sidebars containing key facts and interesting trivia. Features: Provides relevant perspective on globalization in the pre-modern era, documenting how humans across time and places have shared various components of custom ranging from food, language, and music to religion and spirituality ; Supports Common Core standards ; Includes primary documents for enhancing critical thinking and research skills ; Features cross references and suggestions for further reading ; Highlights key facts and interesting trivia through illuminating sidebars." -- Publisher's website
- General history of Africa [HIL-GOV TU33 G326ha]
v.1. Methodology and African prehistory --v.2. Ancient civilizations of Africa --v.3. Africa from the seventh to eleventh century --v.4. Africa from the twelfth to sixteenth century --v.5. Africa from the sixteenth to eighteenth century --v.6. The nineteenth century until 1880 --v.7. Africa under colonial domination, 1880-1935 --v.8. Africa since 1935.
- Cambridge Histories Online (Cambridge Core) This resource, part of Cambridge Core, contains the online versions of over 270 Cambridge Histories publications in the following 15 areas: American History, British History, Economic History, General History, History of Science, History of the Book, Language and Linguistics, Literary Studies, Music, Philosophy, Political and Social Theory, Regional History, Religious Studies, Theatre Studies and Performing Arts, and Warfare. For a complete listing of titles in each area, please refer to the publisher's site, at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/what-we-publish/collections/cambridge-histories
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Cambridge encyclopedia of Africa, The [HIL-REF DT3 .C35 1981]
A comprehensive, illustrated presentation of the entire continent. The entries are arranged in a readable order reflecting history. This is a thoroughly indexed and impressively referenced text/reference book on Africa.
- Encyclopedia of Africa [HIL-REF DT3 .E53 2010]
The Encyclopedia of Africa presents the most up-to-date and thorough reference on this region of ever-growing importance in world history, politics, and culture. Its core is comprised of the entries focusing on African history and culture from 2005's acclaimed five-volume Africana - nearly two-thirds of these 1,300 entries have been updated, revised, and expanded to reflect the most recent scholarship. Organized in an A-Z format, the articles cover prominent individuals, events, trends, places, political movements, art forms, business and trade, religions, ethnic groups, organizations, and countries throughout Africa. There are articles on contemporary nations of sub-Saharan Africa, ethnic groups from various regions of Africa, and European colonial powers. Other examples include Congo River, Ivory trade, Mau Mau rebellion, and Pastoralism. The Encyclopedia of Africa is sure to become the essential resource in the field.
- New encyclopedia of Africa [HIL-REF DT2 .N48 2008]
Scribner's Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara was a welcome and much-needed work when it was released a decade ago. It assembled in four volumes a wealth of knowledge about Africa from the perspective of historians who studied the continent closely and intensively. Compiled by the original collaborators, this set is an effort to replicate, rework, and expand on that fine resource. Middleton (Yale) and Miller (Univ. of Virginia) have gathered a great group of contributors to provide coherent and focused content, which results in a set that is more contemporaneous and reflective of the global integration that Africa has undergone since 1997.
- Encyclopedia of precolonial Africa : archaeology, history, languages, cultures, and environments [HIL-REF DT2 .E53 1997]
An excellent introduction to Africanist archaeology for undergraduate students and general readers. Part one provides context: the presentation of environmental information, research histories, and background to the technologies, languages, and lifeways of sub-Saharan Africa. The remainder of the encyclopedia carries the narrative from the physical development of humanity through the adaptive stages of stone-using foragers, food producers, and complex societies, to the residues of historically recorded times and the investigation of identifiable sites in the historical record.
- Africa and the Americas: culture, politics and history: a multicultural encyclopedia [HIL-REF DT31 .A43 2008]
This three-volume reference contains an impressive range of A-Z entries on countries, events, people, cities, culture, philosophy, and politics concerning the transatlantic relationship of Africa and the Americas.
- African political facts since 1945 [HIL-REF DT30 .C594 1991]
This latest edition of African Political Facts since 1945 provides a work of reference on this period of modern African history and politics.
- Africana: the encyclopedia of the African and African American experience [HIL-REF DT14 .A37435 1999]
Inspired by the dream of the late African American scholar W.E.B. Du Bois and assisted by an eminent advisory board, Harvard scholars Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Kwame Anthony Appiah have created the first scholarly encyclopedia to take as its scope the entire history of Africa and the African Diaspora.
- Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history
see also [HIL-REF DT29 .E53 2003]The focus of this dictionary-style work is the past century of African history, covering decades of tremendous change, including resistance to colonial rule and the reestablishment of African independence.
Additional Resources
- Encyclopedia of African colonial conflicts [HIL-REF DT31 .E53 2017]
"This sweeping study examines the wars of colonial conquest fought in Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries. From Britain's efforts to wrest control of the Sudan from military leader Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi, to Italy's decisive defeat at the Battle of Adowa in Ethiopia, to Leopold II's brutal reign over the Belgian Congo, the work surveys the devastation reaped upon the continent by colonization and illustrates how its combative influence continues to resonate in Africa today." "Written by scholars in the fields of history and politics, this complete reference includes entries on wars, campaigns, rebellions, battles, leaders, and organizations. The work delves into key historical periods including the "Scramble for Africa" (ca.1880 to 1910); early European colonial wars in Africa, such as the Dutch in the Cape and the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique; and African rebellions against the early colonial state in the 1890s and early 1900s. Entries feature prominent events and personalities as well as lesser-known occurrences and players." --from the publisher.
- Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa [HIL-REF DT21.5 .A76 2008]
"This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa reviews the wars that have occurred in Africa in the past half century: Algeria's struggle for independence from French colonial rule, Nigeria's fight to achieve a balanced state after the British departure, the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and the current ethnic cleansing in Darfur, to name only a few. It contains a chronology, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and cross-referenced dictionary entries on wars, conflicts, major political and military figures, and topics such as child soldiers, mercenaries, and blood diamonds."--BOOK JACKET. Distributed by Syndetic Solutions, Inc.
- Key events in African history : a reference guide [HIL-REF DT20 .F35 2002]
Distinguished scholar and Africanist Falola surveys the complicated history of the African continent by focusing on 36 pivotal events that either caused or led to significant changes and developments in African social, political, and cultural life from around 40,000 B.C.E. to the collapse of apartheid in the 1990s.
- ARTstor Artstor is a repository of approximately 300 collections composed of over 2.5 million digital images (and growing), related data and provides tools to actively use those images in a restricted usage environment that balances the rights of the content providers and the needs of the users. The images are drawn from different sources, such as museums, archaeological teams, photo archives, slide collections, and art reference publishers.
Scholars can examine wide-ranging material such as Native American art from the Smithsonian, treasures from the Louvre, and panoramic, 360-degree views of the Hagia Sophia in a single, easy-to-use resource. The artistic traditions across many cultures embraces architecture, painting, sculpture, photography, decorative arts, and design as well as many other forms of visual culture.
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Smithsonian Global Sound® for Libraries (Music Online) Smithsonian Global Sound provides over 35,000 tracks of music, natural sounds and spoken words, delivered via streaming audio. It includes performances of traditional musics from around the world, poetry readings, environmental sounds, and recordings by legendary folk, jazz and blues performers. Liner notes for many recordings are also available.
5 simultaneous users - Wiley/Blackwell Reference Online Wiley/Blackwell Reference Online "is a vast new online library giving instant access to the most authoritative and up-to-date scholarship across the humanities and social sciences. With more than 350 reference volumes to be published in Blackwell Reference Online by the end of 2008, it is the largest academic reference collection available online and includes the critically-acclaimed Blackwell Companions and Handbooks, major reference works such as the Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management and the Companion to Syntax, and a whole host of other valuable reference materials such as dictionaries, encyclopedias and concise companions."
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Encyclopedia of African religion [HIL-REF BL2400 .E53 2009]
The two-volume set, which includes almost 500 entries, covers a wide range of topics, including African response to the sacred, spirituality, ritual, initiation, taboos and ethics, sacred spaces and objects, and cosmological narratives.
- International Historical Statistics: 1750-2000 [HIL-REF HA155 .M575 2003 vols. 1-3]
This three-volume set of international historical statistics allows the full breadth of statistical analysis and comparisons across both time and across the world.
- Oxford Reference Multi-part database of the online versions of Oxford University Press texts. Each topical division contains the searchable version of the latest edition of published dictionaries and encyclopedias. Additionally, information about Oxford University Press is provided. Online texts will be updated after new editions of the print monographs are published. Covers the humanities and social sciences.
5 simultaneous users.
Find Books
To search for books at UNB Libraries, first use the library's online catalogue, UNB WorldCat, which contains materials held at the Harriet Irving, Science and Forestry, Engineering, and Law libraries, as well as the HW Klohn Learning Commons in Saint John.
Document Delivery
Books and other materials not available at UNB may be available for loan from another institution through our document delivery service. To search for materials not held by UNB Libraries, search UNB WorldCat, and change the default UNB Libraries to Libraries Worldwide. Once you have identified a title that is not locally held, select the red Request Item button and follow the screens. You can also access the document delivery request form directly.
Shelf Browsing
If you prefer to browse the Stacks, the following call number ranges may be helpful to know:
Subclass DT |
|
DT1-3415 |
History of Africa |
DT7-12.25 |
Description and travel |
DT15-16 |
Ethnography |
DT17-39 |
History |
DT43-154 |
Egypt |
DT154.1-159.9 |
Sudan. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan |
DT160-177 |
North Africa |
DT179.2-179.9 |
Northwest Africa |
DT181-346 |
Maghrib. Barbary States |
DT211-239 |
Libya |
DT241-269 |
Tunisia (Tunis) |
DT271-299 |
Algeria |
DT301-330 |
Morocco |
DT331-346 |
Sahara |
DT348-363.3 |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa |
DT365-469 |
Eastern Africa |
DT367-367.8 |
Northeast Africa |
DT371-390 |
Ethiopia (Abyssinia) |
DT391-398 |
Eritrea |
DT401-409 |
Somalia. Somaliland and adjacent territory |
DT411-411.9 |
Djibouti. French Territory of the Afars and Issas. French Somaliland |
DT421-432.5 |
East Africa. British East Africa |
DT433.2-433.29 |
Uganda |
DT433.5-434 |
Kenya |
DT436-449 |
Tanzania. Tanganyika. German East Africa |
DT449.Z2 |
Zanzibar |
DT450-450.49 |
Rwanda. Ruanda-Urundi |
DT450.5-450.95 |
Burundi |
DT468-469 |
Islands (East African coast) |
DT469.M21-.M38 |
Madagascar |
DT469.M39 |
Mascarene Islands |
DT469.M4-.M495 |
Mautitius (Ile de France) |
DT469.M4975 |
Mayotte |
DT469.R3-.R5 |
Reunion |
DT469.S4-.S49 |
Seychelles |
DT470-671 |
West Africa. West Coast |
DT477 |
Upper Guinea |
DT479 |
Lower Guinea |
DT491-516.9 |
British West Africa |
DT507 |
Ashanti Empire |
DT509-509.9 |
Gambia |
DT509.97-512.9 |
Ghana (Gold Coast) |
DT515-515.9 |
Nigeria |
DT516-516.9 |
Sierra Leone |
DT521-555.9 |
French West Africa. French Sahara. West Sahara. Sahel |
DT541-541.9 |
Benin. Dahomey |
DT543-543.9 |
Guinea |
DT545-545.9 |
Côte d'Ivoire. Ivory Coast |
DT546.1-546.49 |
French-speaking Equatorial Africa |
DT546.1-546.19 |
Gabon (Gaboon, Gabun) |
DT546.2-546.29 |
Congo (Brazzaville). Middle Congo |
DT546.3-546.39 |
Central African Republic. Central African Empire. Ubangi-Shari |
DT546.4-546.49 |
Chad (Tchad) |
DT547-547.9 |
Niger |
DT548 |
West Sahara |
DT549-549.9 |
Senegal |
DT551-551.9 |
Mali. Mali Federation. Sudanese Republic. French Sudan |
DT554-554.9 |
Mauritania |
DT555-555.9 |
Burkina Faso. Upper Volta |
DT561-581 |
Cameroon (Cameroun, Kamerun) |
DT582-582.9 |
Togo. Togoland |
DT591-615.9 |
Portuguese-speaking West Africa |
DT613-613.9 |
Guinea-Bissau. Portuguese Guinea |
DT615-615.9 |
Sao Tome and Principe |
DT619-620.9 |
Spanish West Africa |
DT620-620.9 |
Equatorial Guinea (Spanish Guinea) |
DT621-637 |
Liberia |
DT639 |
Congo (Kongo) River region |
DT641-665 |
Zaire. Congo (Democratic Republic). Belgian Congo |
DT669-671 |
Islands |
DT671.C2 |
Cape Verde |
DT1001-1190 |
Southern Africa |
DT1251-1465 |
Angola |
DT1501-1685 |
Namibia. South-West Africa |
DT1701-2405 |
South Africa |
DT2421-2525 |
Botswana. Bechuanaland |
DT2541-2686 |
Lesotho. Basutoland |
DT2701-2825 |
Swaziland |
DT2831-2864 |
British Central Africa. Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland |
DT2871-3025 |
Zimbabwe. Southern Rhodesia |
DT3031-3145 |
Zambia. Northern Rhodesia |
DT3161-3257 |
Malawi. Nyasaland |
DT3291-3415 |
Mozambique |
Find Articles
When searching for journal articles, an indexing and abstracting database or print index is usually the best place to begin. Below are some recommended print indexes and databases for research in African History. For other databases, check the Articles and Research Databases tab on the library website.
Key Resources
- Historical Abstracts (EBSCO) "Historical Abstracts is an exceptional resource that covers the history of the world (excluding the United States and Canada) from 1450 to the present, including world history, military history, women's history, history of education, and more ... Provides indexing of more than 1,700 academic historical journals in over 40 languages back to 1955."--Database information page.
Unlimited simultaneous users.
Additional Resources
- Academic Search Premier (EBSCO) Academic Search Premier is a multidisciplinary resource that "provides journal coverage for most academic areas of studies."
Unlimited simultaneous users. - JSTOR Archival Collection JSTOR provides access to back issues of a variety of scholarly journals. UNB Libraries currently subscribes to the Arts & Sciences (I through X) collections, along with the Life Sciences and Ireland collections.
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Periodicals Archive Online (PAO - ProQuest) "Periodicals Archive Online is a major online periodical archive that makes the backfiles of periodicals in the humanities and social sciences available electronically, providing access to the full text of a growing number of digitized periodicals that have been indexed in its sister database, Periodicals Index Online."--About page.
Unlimited simultaneous users. - America: History and Life (EBSCO) "America: History & Life is the definitive index of literature covering the history and culture of the United States and Canada, from prehistory to the present. With indexing for 1,700 journals from 1964 to present ... The database also includes citations and links to book and media reviews."--Database information page.
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (ProQuest) Worldwide Political Science Abstracts provides "citations, abstracts, and indexing of the international serials literature in political science and its complementary fields, including international relations, law, and public administration / policy."
Unlimited simultaneous users. - Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) International and Archive (ProQuest) The PAIS International database contains references to journal articles, books, government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference reports, publications of international agencies, microfiche, Internet material, and more. Newspapers and newsletters are not indexed. Also included in PAIS are the PAIS Archive and ProQuest Deep Indexing: Public Administration and Policy databases.
Unlimited simultaneous users.
How To Guides
How to Search Historical Abstracts and America: History & Life Simultaneously
How to Limit a Search in Historical Abstracts or America: History & Life by Event Date
How to Use Search History to Build Up a Complex Search
How to Use UNB WorldCat to Find Journal Articles
How to find journal articles in JSTOR
Selected e-Journals:
UNB Libraries subscribe to many online and print journals in African History. The following list includes some of them. For others, use the catalogue, UNB WorldCat.
International Journal of African Historical Studies
Primary Sources
There are a number of ways of identifying and locating primary sources for African history. Here are a few:
- Use UNB WorldCat's advanced search screen, and combine a keyword search for the event or place along with a subject search for the terms sources, narratives, diaries, or correspondence.
- The multi-volume General History of Africa (HIL-GOV TU33 G326ha) inlcudes excellent essays that describe written sources for African history. Use this to identify titles and authors to search for.
- Each volume in the Cambridge History of Africa inclues a Bibliographic Essay (near the end), which provides a detailed chronicle of contemporary sources.
- A number of free online archives include documents for African history. Some are listed under the Internet Sites tab of this guide.
- UNB Libraries have purchased access to a number of online repositories of primary materials. These include:
Find Internet Sites
Internet Sites
Internet African History Sourcebook
Africa Focus, a digitization project of The University of Wisconsin
Belgian Congo Records, from the American Museum of Natural History
WWW-VL History:
Lists of Primary Sources on African History:
Citing Your Sources
Accurate, properly formatted footnotes, reading lists, and bibliographies are hallmarks of good academic research. Through citing, you acknowledge the source of any ideas you mention in your writing, document your research, and provide the information your readers need to track down your sources.
Numerous citation styles exist, and each specifies what elements are required (title, author, journal name, etc.) and how the citation should be formatted. The standard citation style for History is Chicago, but your instructor may require or recommend that you use another. Consult your course syllabus or check with your instructor to be sure of using the correct citation style for your assignment.
- Chicago Manual of Style Endnote/Footnote Format
(http://www.unb.ca/fredericton/studentservices/_resources/pdfs/wss/cms.pdf) - Chicago Documentation Examples
(http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocChicago.html) - The Chicago manual of style
HIL-REFDSK Z253 .U69 2010 - Research and Documentation Online
(http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/) - Guide to Citation and Plagiarism
(http://www.lib.unb.ca/guides/view/index.php/613)
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